Society

The digital transformation has created new forms of property with legal and economic value, which are also becoming increasingly important in inheritance relations. The category of digital assets includes crypto-assets, monetized electronic accounts, domains, licenses to use cloud services, as well as digital content with financial or personal value.

In many legal systems, these assets pose particular challenges due to the lack of direct regulation, the conflict between the right of heirs and the right to privacy, and the impact of contractual terms of digital platforms on the practical realization of inheritance. In the Republic of North Macedonia, the existing framework in inheritance law, obligations and personal data protection still does not provide clear solutions for the identification, valuation and transfer of digital assets after death.

   The paper addresses the legal nature of digital assets, practical and normative difficulties, and proposes directions for legislative modernization, including explicit recognition of digital heritage, asset categorization, and standardized procedures for heir access, drawing on European examples of regulation and case law. 

This Diploma project analyses the role of administration, its historical background, and the modern reforms such as e-governance, which is very important, especially in today’s world, because the way a state functions and succeeds is dependent on the efficiency of the administration. The aim of this diploma project is to analyze the pros and cons of e-governance and how states can successfully implement the model—what they should do before and during the implementation process. Also, we will analyze one of the most successful stories of e-government reforms: the state of Estonia with their E-Estonian system, which has become an example of how to implement e-governance in public administration. The diploma project will also analyze the public administration of my country of North Macedonia: how its reforms are organized, considering their success and citizen satisfaction.     Except for the data analysis, the diploma project is also based on personal interviews with some foreign students from Turkiye, where I asked about their experiences. The project will also consider the future of public administration, particularly the role of AI. The methods used in this project are literature review and conducted personal interviews with participants. This project has done an analysis of the past, present, and future of public administration, including the benefits and shortcomings of e-governance in North Macedonia and Estonia

Strategies of discrimination against and expulsion of the Roma persist in the policies of contemporary democratic and non-democratic countries, including those that respect human rights and those with challenges in that regard. The ongoing structural discrimination that the Roma face has not yet been properly addressed; the current minority rights framework (Kymlicka, 2008) and post-1990s minority regimes in Europe remain unhelpful for many Roma. The measures that have been proposed to date to address social exclusion and marginalization in many cases are largely unenforceable; they tend to overlook the harsh living conditions, lack of access to public services, low level of education and the prejudices against and hostility towards the Roma. Moreover, they do not recognize diversity within the Roma community and instead see it as a homogeneous population (Pogány, 2006). Due to social exclusion, embedded discrimination, a history of persecution and its cultural specificity, the Roma community has particular difficulties in achieving some socially established objectives. The priority areas are interconnected: for example, if the Roma are unable to receive an adequate education

The ideas about self-determination evolved from the Wilsonian understanding of self-governance - to a norm and drive for decolonization that changed the 20th century’s landscape. Despite its general proclamation as a right to all, the UN applied it as a “principle of saltwater”. Hence, the only legitimate right holder – colonial peoples could realize self-determination under several legal instruments and within the principle of uti possidetis juris that preserved the artificiality of the borders. The legal controversies of the decolonization processes are numerous and its loose end appears to be present up to now since the same principles were applied during the dissolution of the socialistic federations after the fall of the Iron Curtain.

Television is a constant part of everyday life, and because of its deep presence, concerns no longer focus on removing it as a medium, but on understanding its effects—especially on adolescents, who are considered a vulnerable group. Research has shown that television can negatively influence adolescents’ cognitive and intellectual development, creativity, imagination, social skills, sensory development, sense of wonder, and overall health.

Harmful television content includes violence, erotic scenes, illegal sexual behavior, vulgar speech, and easily imitable but dangerous actions. Violence and pornography are identified as having the strongest negative impact on minors.

Previous studies by Sanja A?aip (2008) and Joe Grixti (2000) provide insight into adolescents’ attitudes about these issues. In Macedonia, no such research had been conducted before, making this analysis especially relevant for understanding the influence of harmful media content on young audiences in the country.

The general conclusion is that society has lost a sense of responsibility in supporting the healthy development of young people. Television violence and pornography can significantly shape the behavior of children and adolescents. Therefore, modern media should prioritize creativity, information, and healthy entertainment, rather than profit through violent or pornographic content.

The work aims to encourage greater responsibility among all social actors in reducing harmful content on television, helping build aware, responsible, and emotionally healthy adolescents.

The EU’s latest report on Serbia presents a mixed assessment, highlighting economic stability alongside persistent challenges in governance and rule of law. While Serbia has maintained macroeconomic stability, with moderate growth and a relatively resilient banking sector, structural weaknesses in public administration, transparency, and accountability remain significant obstacles. The judiciary continues to face political interference, a lack of transparency in appointments, and inconsistent implementation of laws, undermining public trust. Corruption is deeply rooted, particularly in public procurement, infrastructure projects, and local administration, with high-level investigations and convictions still limited. Media freedom is under pressure, with increasing political influence over outlets, harassment of journalists, and uneven enforcement of regulatory frameworks. Civil society actors face legal and political challenges, and public consultation processes often lack genuine inclusivity. Political polarization and concentration of power continue to hinder reform implementation, while incidents like public infrastructure failures illustrate systemic accountability gaps. The report stresses that although Serbia has potential for EU integration, meaningful progress in judicial independence, anti-corruption measures, media freedom, and democratic governance is essential to maintain credibility and advance on the EU accession path.

his article aims to provide an overview of the verb forms EFL learners use in the process of acquisition of interrogative forms. It also explores learners’ L1 (Macedonian) influence on L2 acquisition. The research is based on data taken from the Macedonian Corpus of English Interlanguage, which contains written language of students aged 8-15, A1-B2 level. As the research shows, learners have no difficulties in acquiring interrogative forms. Nevertheless, the number of errors remains stable across all levels. In addition, there is minimal influence of L1. L1 transfer related errors could also be treated as developmental errors, since they also appear in learners with L1 other than Macedonian. The existence of developmental errors proves that language learners have their own interlanguage. Such errors help teachers adjust their expectations and teaching methods.