Strategies of discrimination against and expulsion of the Roma persist in the policies of contemporary democratic and non-democratic countries, including those that respect human rights and those with challenges in that regard. The ongoing structural discrimination that the Roma face has not yet been properly addressed; the current minority rights framework (Kymlicka, 2008) and post-1990s minority regimes in Europe remain unhelpful for many Roma. The measures that have been proposed to date to address social exclusion and marginalization in many cases are largely unenforceable; they tend to overlook the harsh living conditions, lack of access to public services, low level of education and the prejudices against and hostility towards the Roma. Moreover, they do not recognize diversity within the Roma community and instead see it as a homogeneous population (Pogány, 2006). Due to social exclusion, embedded discrimination, a history of persecution and its cultural specificity, the Roma community has particular difficulties in achieving some socially established objectives. The priority areas are interconnected: for example, if the Roma are unable to receive an adequate education

The ideas about self-determination evolved from the Wilsonian understanding of self-governance - to a norm and drive for decolonization that changed the 20th century’s landscape. Despite its general proclamation as a right to all, the UN applied it as a “principle of saltwater”. Hence, the only legitimate right holder – colonial peoples could realize self-determination under several legal instruments and within the principle of uti possidetis juris that preserved the artificiality of the borders. The legal controversies of the decolonization processes are numerous and its loose end appears to be present up to now since the same principles were applied during the dissolution of the socialistic federations after the fall of the Iron Curtain.

ABSTRACT non-territorial autonomy (NTA) incorporates a mixture of different arrangements such as consociationalism and national-cultural autonomy (NCA), and forms of representation that de-territorialize self-determination. The paper analyses NTA possibilities in reaching indigenous self-governance and reveals the dilemmas in the applicability of NTA for securing the right to self-determination of indigenous peoples. Although the practice points towards some positive examples and successes of NTA institutions related to ingenious peoples (e.g. Sámi Parliaments), the question remains whether NTA holds sufficient potential for addressing indigenous needs upheld by the international principle “right to land, territories and traditionally owned resources.”

The article aims to analyze the need to regulate AI, the content of the regulation that needs to be enacted, the content of the regulation adopted in the European Union as well as North Macedonia's positioning on this issue as a country eager to start the negotiations for accession in the EU. The methodology for the article is about the legal arrangements of AI that involve a multi-faceted approach, combining literature review, legal analysis, doctrinal research, empirical research, policy analysis, ethical and normative analysis, and interdisciplinary collaboration. While the rapid development of AI brings convenience to people’s lives, it also poses challenges to global changes and the development of human society, social governance, and legal regulation. Many countries have adopted strategic plans and documents related to AI but there are no legal acts adopted until now. The article's discussion on the need for new or updated regulatory frameworks to govern AI is crucial. It may propose specific regulatory measures to address AI's unique challenges, such as transparency, accountability, and fairness, influencing related policy development

 A pandemic, defined as an epidemic spread over larger regions, is of course not unknown in the world. There are several pandemics in history that have left a great impact on humanity. However, so far there has not been a pandemic of such proportions and consequences as the Covid-19 pandemic. It literally paralyzed life and led to unprecedented health, economic and political consequences on a global scale. As has been the case in every area, Covid-19 has also had a serious impact on legal systems. Many countries were not ready with appropriate legislation to deal with the pandemic in terms of implementing appropriate measures to help their citizens. Because of that, a large number of trade agreements were not realized or their realization was made difficult. What was a serious problem in trade agreements that could not be realized and what is the subject of primary analysis in this paper is the concept of force majeure (vis major), its regulation and the question of whether the pandemic can be considered as a force majeure event. Uncertainty in the interpretation of outdated provisions or lack of appropriate provisions regulating force majeure in pandemic conditions has led to many citizens not being able to exercise their rights derived from contracts and thereby creating dysfunctionality in legal systems. In this paper, it is essential to review the force majeure clause, its concept, development and representation in different legal systems, by making a brief comparison between French law and English law and determining key regulations on an international level. At the same time, the main focus of research will be on the regulations in North Macedonia and the manner of regulating this concept of force majeure. It is also equally important to find the answer to the question of the role of legal systems, whether law as such will continue to exist in the same form and with the same content or whether we already are in the phase of creating the so-called pandemic law, i.e., whether the pandemic initiates a rearrangement of the concept of force majeure in trade agreements in North Macedonia, as well as everywhere in the world.

Within the bricks and mortar economy, organizations focused more on profitability and require managers who can design and implement strategies over time. Nowadays, within the digital economy, e-business-oriented organizations focus on competitiveness and customer satisfaction, requiring astute leaders. Leaders who rely on intellectual or knowledge resources to initiate and implement a new set of company aims based on e-business initiatives. Leaders who can develop organizational cultures, ethics, and teams that can realize the potential of cutting-edge technology (the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence) for their business. Investing in technology is important, but the critical success factor is getting people to use it effectively. Not every manager is a leader. Managers, as good leaders, should link competencies and resources within the organization to create and sustain a competitive advantage. Incumbent managers as leaders must maximize the e-space available within the organization by developing strategies for shaping culture and ethics that can operate effectively in the new environment. In this direction, the main goal of the paper is through surveying, descriptive analyses and by using practical case studies, to demonstrate leaders’ role in cultivating culture and ethics within the organization. Moreover, the paper elaborates how, thanks to skillful leaders, famous and successful organizations try to create organizational culture and ethics that are aligned with their goals for success